Can Anxiety, Worry, Fear Be a Good Thing?

Our normal reactions to these three words is usually negative. But can anxiety, worry, and/or fear be helpful for an athlete? I think so, if the source of these emotions can be identified. If we can understand the origins the emotion(s) we then have the knowledge to combat it or counter it and have it work for us.

For example, if an athlete creates a link between experiencing anxiety because he fears not living up to others expectations. Now he is equipped with important information he can use to his advantage. He may make a connection that he fears this outcome because he cares how others perceive him and his status as an athlete.

This would lead us to discuss how placing your focus in the future, considering the consequences of successes or failures, is not conducive to optimal performance. We can mitigate the emotional experiences there by working on time and place of our focus. Secondly, we can discuss the perceived need for validation from others and how that impacts his performances and other things like confidence, and motivation. It could be very beneficial in this instance to shift from an external/outcome orientation to an internal/process/mastery orientation that would cut out the perceived “need” of others approval or satisfaction.

In this way, you can see that emotions, even negative ones can be extremely helpful for an athlete. There is always a reason we experience an emotion. Surprisingly those reasons are typically positive. For example, “we care,” or “we have invested so much time and resources for this one moment.” These are good things! It’s how we use that source of the emotion and how we think about it that can help propel our performances or can limit our potential.

A Study on Leadership

I recently came across a great study published in the Journal of Applied Sport Psychology and I have provided the reference below. However the study was based on leadership, but more importantly, trust in leaders and how that impacts performance. Overall the authors basic findings were, a) team performance increased when players trust the coach, b) team performance decreased when players did not trust their coach, c) increases in player trust in coach increased player trust in each other, and d) teams where everyone trusted the coach performed better even when previous performances were not good. 

A huge take-away here is coaches, those in a leadership position, if you place trust in the players you lead, this significantly increases the likelihood players will trust you back. This bidirectional trust creates a cascade of positive results for you and the team. For example, this develops a culture of better communication, desire for collaboration between team members, lowered fear of failure, and decreased self-serving attitudes and behaviors.

I know this may fly in the face of beliefs that “trust is earned.” However, consider the potential benefits of developing a climate of trust with those you lead. The research is saying enhanced performance is a likely outcome.

Mach, M., & Lvina, E. (2017). When trust in the leader matters: The moderated-mediation model of team performance and trust. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 134-149. doi: 10.1080/10413200.2016.1196765

The Need to Love the Process

Involvement in any sport at any age and competitive level will require you to invest more time in practice, training, and preparation compared to competition. It’s the long road with twists, turns, bumps, and bruises.

Yet we rarely put as much focus, emotion, and stock into this critical time of growth compared to winning or losing against others. Let’s be honest, training to compete at high levels (or any level) can be one hell of a grind. Every practice or workout taxes the body and the mind. Just as a body can show signs of overtraining, the mind can certainly show signs of fatigue, and it extreme cases, burnout.

Thus, the topic for today is why it is so important to learn to love the process of improving and mastering your craft. First it is important to understand that we grow most in these hours, minutes, and seconds of work outside competition. I agree with the statement, “we learn from failure.” However, we learn HOW to overcome failure in practice, training, and preparation. So if we want to maximize our ability to compete as an athlete, we need to leverage this time for growth. This includes making it the focus of our athletic endeavors and learning to love it just as much, or even more, than competition. By loving the process of improving in your sport, you will unlock improvement you did not expect, limit wasted time doing things you loath, attach more positive emotions with your sport no matter if your competitions are successes or setbacks, and create an attitude that will allow you to bounce back quicker.

Now, just like with social relationships we all fall in love in different ways. So there is no magic formula for turning annoyance into infatuation. However, here are some basic steps to get you started.

  1. Challenge yourself. Pushing yourself to achieve more does a couple of things. If you are challenging yourself you are consistently putting yourself in new positions and environments, thwarting stagnation. Doing the same things at the same intensity does not maximize our adaptations. Additionally, you will boost confidence, positive emotions, motivation, and approach thoughts/behaviors as a result of overcoming challenges.
  2. Compete. This does not always have to be with others although it can be. You can compete with yourself. Take a practice drill and find a way to create a drive, a purpose. This almost forces you to set a goal, which we know improves our focus, motivation, and learning via problem solving.
  3. Reflect on successes. After every session think about what went right today. This is critical. We often push aside the 97% of the time we were on-point for the 3% we happened to struggle or did not execute. Notice and appreciate the positive performances and explore how they came about. What did you do to make that happen. Then devise strategies to replicate it.
  4. Reflect on setbacks. Following your successes we have to remind ourselves that failure is the greatest opportunity for growth. If a woman or man never failed he would not reach his true potential. Failure gives us experience (the largest confidence booster), situations to contingency plan for, knowledge of what didn’t work (i.e., trial and error), and gives us a jump start for goal setting.
  5. Have an overarching purpose for training that day. Approach every session with a big, umbrella goal. I am here today in order to improve at _________. This can help us stay focused. It can also help us power through some of the same things we have to do every day. If we simply change why we are doing it, it seems less monotonous, it can spark our motivation and intensity. Also, we are better focusing on one thing compared to 18. Simplify things and let your brain and body do the rest.
  6. Log trainings. Keep a log of your sport trainings and competitions. You can make these as complicated or simple as you like. However, make the information you put down high quality. You want to be able to look back on this and see patterns, see what worked, see what didn’t, and be able to visually see growth, progression, and develop appreciation for the process of mastery.
  7. Include significant others. You don’t have to have a full-time training partner to check this box. However, it is essential that you include someone to share your successes, struggles, thoughts, and emotions with. Creating meaningful social connection with another person and having the ability to freely talk about your process with your sport is needed. This reduces isolation, staves negative emotions, while building confidence, positivity, and shows you that people see your effort, although most others only see your competitions.

At any age, if you can learn to love the process that is your sport development, you will see higher levels of mastery, achievement, positive emotions, confidence, motivation, and an appreciation for the long road that is the life of an athlete.

Performance Routines Part III: Pre-Performance

We all have routines. In daily life we use routines to maximize our mental and physical efficiency and effectiveness. If we place ourselves in similar circumstances we feel appropriately prepared and have seemingly accurate expectations for what life will throw at us. However, when talking about performances, the stakes can seem somewhat higher. The drive to perform at our optimal level is a desire that allows for hindering emotional experiences (e.g., anxiety, pressure, anger), and unproductive thoughts (e.g., “I can’t…”, “What if…”, “I am such a…”), to creep up on us, leaving us susceptible to internal and external distractions.

Then, sometimes we remain on auto-pilot. We handle the demands of performing without a hitch. But why leave our ability to prepare for performances to chance? Routines can give us a chance to get into the right state of mind more consistently than hoping we hit that auto-pilot button during take-off.

So how do they work? Just like training and intra-performance routines, they are multidimensional because there are so many things that can impact our ability to perform at our best.

This list is certainly not comprehensive but you can see that managing a multitude of variables could be easier with the application of a comprehensive routine that hits all the important aspects of performance preparation. We not only need to find the right mindset but prepare our body physically while making sure our equipment is functional and our performance strategies are in place and we are committed to them. This takes planning and an understanding of where you need to be on some of these variables for optimal performance.

 

A great place to start is looking at previous personal best performances and noting how you prepared for them. What worked? What could be improved? From this information you can build a routine that covers the physical, mental, technical, and tactical factors impacting your performance. This needs to be written down so it can be rehearsed and used. It won’t take long for you to memorize the flow of your prep work. When you have your list, go through it and give rationale for why it is in your routine. Remember, a performance routine exists to maximize performance multipliers and minimize performance detractors. Only allow things that help our performance to be included in what you do the day before you perform.

This is just the jump-start version. Trust me, there is so much more on pre-performance routines than this! However, planning is a simple way to make a significant improvement in your overall performances.

Daily Goals: Why and How

Daily goals work just like any other goal except they are used for training. Goals enhance performance through directing your focus, enhancing motivation, learning, and building confidence. Broken down it looks like this:

  • Focus: Goals help direct your focus during training to emphasis skill execution in a particular area.
  • Motivation: Goals directly motivate us if the target is challenging yet realistic. A goal that is too easy is not going to push us to improve and a goal that is too difficult is going to ask too much from us, ultimately diminishing confidence and motivation and could possibly lead to burnout.
  • Learning: When we achieve goals, either daily, short-term, or long-term, we learn from the process of achievement. How did we problem solve along the way? What skills, strengths, and values did I use get better? Also, you learn how to set good goals that push you!
  • Confidence: When more and more goals are achieved, your performance is bound to improve. Reaching goals builds confidence in your ability to control your performance enhancement and it multiplies when you see how it improves your performances in competition.

Set a daily goal either directly after a practice for the next day or in the morning before training. Make sure that your daily goals are in-line with your short term goals so you are improving in the most needed areas either physical or mental. The most important part of setting any goal is deciding what processes you are going to use to achieve goals.

Examples of daily goals:

  • “Shoot 20 extra free-throws after practice.”
  • “Use the mental cue ‘move through the ball’ to make sure I am in position fielding ground balls.”
  • “Complete full pre-shot routine for every practice shot.”
  • “Have a save percentage 2 points higher than my competition save percentage for the entire practice.”
  • “Cut .5 seconds off my 400 meter sprint by pacing myself on the first 100 meters by saying ‘build up’ to remind myself to start slower.”

Use daily goals to get more out of your training, enhance your performance faster, and know when and where you want to improve your game.

 

What Percentage of Your Sport is Mental?

I have heard this question many times growing up as an athlete. It is also a question I have asked athletes as a sport psychology practitioner. As you can imagine responses have ranged from 50 to even 99 percent! That is astounding right?

My next question typically is how much time do you spend training and improving the physical side of your sport performance compared to the mental? Are these equitable? Does that breakdown make sense? I typically see an overwhelming amount of physical training and less to virtually no time and effort on mental training.

I like this discussion because it is self-reflective and builds self-awareness. It can shift an athlete’s priorities to strive to become a more complete athlete and reach their TRUE potential. However, in all the times I have heard and been involved in this discussion I have yet to hear a correct response…

The right answer to how much of your sport performance in mental is 100%. We all have a primary motor cortex and multiple secondary cortices in the brain that are strictly devoted to initiating and controlling all of our physical movements. We actually have a map of our body in the brain with larger more complex brain matter assigned for parts of our body that require larger amounts of complex motor movement and control like our hands and fingers. So ALL of our movement, all of our performance, rely on the brain. We rely on the mental side of performing not only on skills like focusing, arousal and emotional control, and visualizing success, but also for the foundation for sport… movement!

Knowing this, do not let anyone tell you that the mental side of your sport is not important. It is naturally embedded with your body’s physical performance and you will be amazed when you spend deliberate time training the brain at how your performance will skyrocket.

Let it fly – TK

Performance Routines Part I: Training

Most coaches and athletes think of pre-performance (before competition) routines when they hear about performance routines. However, a routine that is used more than any other type is a training routine. Due to the sheer amount of time athletes must train to be high performers, training routines have a larger impact on overall performance outcomes compared to any other routine.

For every athlete, there are moments when you are not 100% focused or just going through the motions. Training routines help athletes get the most out of every practice, every task, every rep. In fact, training less with full focus and appropriate intensity is more beneficial than training more with 70% focus and intensity. What you do in training directly relates to what you do in competition. Athletes can hinder their growth by simply not simulating in practice how they would be performing in competition. This is where training routines can help.

Remember, routines are physical and mental. Thus, everything you do, image, and think about needs to have purpose. It needs to help you in your training goals. This is not to say that chatting with a teammate between fielding ground balls or attempting another putt isn’t helpful. It can be if you are working on your refocusing between performance bouts and you find having an external focus beneficial while on break. But the understanding of what intensity you perform best at, where your focus should be, what images you play in your head, and what statements you say to yourself to let yourself perform at your best is a HUGE purpose of training. Once you find this out, you can not only get more and more out of your training reps, but this DIRECTLY translates to better and more consistent competitive performances.

So how do you develop effective training routines? You already have them and use them. We like familiarity, our brains are optimized when they see patterns and know what to expect. So everyone has routines in sport at some level. However, quality training is training that helps you perform at your best when you need to in competition. Therefore, creating routines that mirror what you need to do in competition builds that familiarity and creates an automatic process. This automaticity can help in competition when pressure may be high and it is easier to lose focus, get out of our optimal intensity, and become critical of ourselves.

If you really want to dive into this, try this little exercise:

  1. Write out your most common and important training tasks.
  2. List your current routine (mental and physical) for each task if it is consistently used.
  3. For each step listed, write out how it helps and/or hurts your training performance (e.g., hones or distracts focus, builds or undermines motivation and confidence, reinforces or destroys positive attitude, primes the right or wrong emotions, moves you in or out of the right intensity zone, etc.).
  4. Think about what you need more of during your training and think about what you need to minimize.
  5. Add new components, take out hurtful ones, and if you don’t have a consistent routine, start compiling one from scratch!

And of course if you need help, or want to optimize your training effectiveness, contact a sport psychology practitioner/consultant. They can be a sound board for you while you explore your options. They also can educate you in how mental variables like confidence and focus play a role in performances and how you can regulate and control them. It’s one thing to know you need to improve your ability to control distractions, it is another to know HOW to go about it. Training is all about being effective and efficient. Use your routines to help unlock more growth!

Let me know what you think or please add more material here about training routines below. In the meantime, visit kleinperformance.com, subscribe to PERFORMANCE INSIGHTS to the right of this post, and follow us @kleinperform and @kleinperformance for your sport and performance enhancement info!

Let it fly!

 

Why You Should be Focused on Your Routines!

A performance routine is a cognitive and behavioral process that optimizes your ability to perform based on the situation. Most athletes and coaches leverage pre-performance routines but there are MORE! Intra-performance, refocusing, training, and post-performance routines are moments that planned mental and physical steps can help position you for optimal performance. This is the beginning of a 5-part series covering performance routines and how to use them. However, no matter when you use a routine, the purpose and effects are similar.

Performance routines help enhance your performance by maximizing all the things that help your performance and limit things that hinder your ability to perform optimally and automatically.

(Some) Things to maximize:

Appropriate time and place of focus

Optimizing internal intensity

Using appropriate self-talk to boost confidence and motivation

Using imagery to experience successful performances

Using strategies to control your emotions

Consolidation of tactical plan/strategies

Enhancing feelings of control

(Some) Things to control and minimize:

Inappropriate point of focus

Excess or not enough intensity

Intruding unproductive thoughts

Excess or hurtful emotions

Harmful interpretations of pressure

Thoughts focused on consequences and/or outcome

Worry

“Seeing failure”

Lack of a plan

Performance routines are a must to maximize your potential and they are flexible enough to be used in every sport. Review your current use of routines. You may have routines that have developed organically and are effective. However, these can always be improved. If you don’t currently have routines, the effort put into their development will make your training more efficient and effective and your competitive performances will benefit from purposeful mental and physical approaches.

Tactics: Webb Simpson’s Strategies at the Players

It’s not always who has the most skill. Tactics, strategy, mental planning and execution usually make the difference! Listen to Webb Simpson talk about his approaches to Sunday’s Round 4 at the Player’s Championship in his interview with the Golf Channel.

https://www.golfchannel.com/video/simpson-tigers-roars-are-bit-louder-everyone-elses/

  1. “I didn’t look at any leaderboards until I felt like I needed to.” Control the controllables: Focus your energy on what you can do to perform at your best, not what external factors may disrupt your performances. Webb eventually did look at the scoreboard because it impacted his TACTICS and strategy. Being able to focus productively with this information is the key. You must use it to inform your tactics, not shift your thinking to the outcome (good or bad), catastrophize, or take your focus away from what you have to do in the moment.
  2. “We chatted about something other than golf.” Attention control: When your sport has natural breaks between performances, such as baseball, tennis, and golf, you should have strategies to handle these times with maximum effectiveness. Webb gave himself a mental and physical break by talking about something external, not about golf! What must happen is shifting that focus back to the present task at hand when it is appropriate. He already knew, like David Duval, that he wanted to be decisive and 100% committed to the next shot when the time came. Therefore, knowing how to navigate your own sport is half the battle to reaching your true potential.

Are you doing things between performances to maximize your potential, or are you squandering energy and time?

-TK